Pubblichiamo gli estratti relativi a immigrazione ed asilo delle osservazioni conclusive del Comitato delle Nazioni Unite per l’eliminazione di tutte le forme di discriminazione contro le donne (CEDAW) adottate durante la sua ultima sessione (54ma) tra l’11 febbraio ed il 1 marzo 2013.
ANGOLA
21. While noting the programme to facilitate the reintegration of children exploited in
CEDAW.C.AGO.CO.6
prostitution and the rehabilitation programme for women sex workers, the Committee remains concerned about reports that the State party is a source and destination country for human beings trafficked for purposes of sexual exploitation and forced labour.
The Committee is also concerned about the absence of a comprehensive law and strategy aimed at combating trafficking in human beings. It is further concerned that prostitution continues to thrive, owing to the poverty of women and girls.
22. The Committee recommends that the State party:
(a) Carry out a study to investigate the scope, extent and root causes of trafficking in human beings and forced prostitution, particularly of women and girls, including through the collection and analysis of data on trafficking and exploitation of women in prostitution;
(b) Adopt a law aimed at combating trafficking in human beings and amendments to the Penal Code and ensure that they fully comply with article 6 of the Convention and strengthen mechanisms for the investigation, prosecution and punishment of trafficking offenders;
(c) Increase international, regional and bilateral cooperation with countries of origin, transit and destination to prevent trafficking through information exchange and to harmonize legal procedures aimed at the prosecution and punishment of traffickers;
(d) Address the root causes of prostitution of women and girls, including poverty, in order to eliminate their vulnerability to sexual exploitation and trafficking, and strengthen efforts for the rehabilitation and social reintegration of victims; and
(e) Ratify the United Nations Convention against transnational organized crime and the Protocol thereto to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, as well as the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention).
ALGERIA
Situation des non-citoyens, y compris les migrants et les réfugiés
18. Le Comité exprime sa préoccupation sur la non-effectivité de la législation consacrant le droit d’asile. Par ailleurs, tout en notant l’adoption de la loi n°09-02 du 25 février 2009 relative à l’assistance judiciaire dont bénéficie tout étranger en séjour régulier sur le territoire national, le Comité exprime sa préoccupation sur l’absence des moyens de porter plainte pour les migrants en situation irrégulière (arts. 5 et 6).
Le Comité recommande à l’État partie d’adopter rapidement le projet de loi sur le droit d’asile, en vue d’appliquer les conventions internationales auxquelles il est partie sur le droit d’asile et sur l’octroi de statut de réfugié sans discrimination aucune. Le Comité attire l’attention de l’État partie sur à la nécessité de faciliter l’intégration des migrants et des réfugiés vivant sur son territoire et ainsi que l’accès à la en justice aux migrants en situation irrégulière en cas de violation de leurs droits fondamentaux.
Disponible en français/Disponibile in francese: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/co/CERD-C-DZA-CO-15-19_fr.pdf
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Discriminación racial en el ámbito laboral
16. Al Comité le preocupa el requisito de “buena presencia” frecuentemente exigido para acceder a un puesto de trabajo cualificado, concepto que por su ambigüedad puede dar lugar a prácticas discriminatorias. El Comité también expresa su preocupación por la explotación laboral de los migrantes irregulares, quienes, por la falta de documentación,trabajan con contratos verbales o en el sector informal, tienen limitado acceso a los beneficios de la Seguridad Social y no ejercen sus derechos por temor a ser despedidos o deportados (Artículo 5 d) i)).
El Comité recomienda poner fin a la discriminación contra los afro-descendientes de color oscuro, incluidos los migrantes irregulares, en el ámbito laboral (Recomendación General N°34 sobre Discriminación racial contra Afrodescendientes (2011)); y aplicar el Convenio 111 de la OIT sobre la discriminación (empleo y ocupación).
20. El Comité lamenta que el marco constitucional sobre migración, traducido en el artículo 18 de la Constitución, no responda plenamente a los estándares internacionales en materia de nacionalidad y que, no obstante lo dispuesto en el artículo 18.2 de la Constitución y el artículo 150 de la Ley de Migración 285-04, la normativa en materia de nacionalidad se aplique retroactivamente, en detrimento de dominicanos de origen haitiano y migrantes haitianos (Artículos 1, párrafo 3, y 5 d) iii)).
El Comité recuerda que el alcance de la soberanía nacional en materia de nacionalidad tiene sus limites en el respeto a los derechos humanos, específicamente en el principio de no discriminación, e invita a República Dominicana a que implemente las recomendaciones formuladas por varios mecanismos de derechos humanos; respete el principio de no discriminación en el acceso a la nacionalidad, de conformidad con la Recomendación General N° 30 sobre Discriminación contra los no ciudadanos (2004); y ponga en marcha el Plan Nacional de Regularización de extranjeros ilegales previsto en el artículo 151 de la Ley de Migración 285-04, priorizando a los residentes de larga duración (CERD/C/DOM/CO/12, párrafo 14).
Deportaciones
21. Al Comité le preocupan las denuncias recurrentes de deportaciones masivas indiscriminadas y arbitrarias que afectan a personas de origen haitiano, vulnerando el Protocolo vigente con Haití y las garantías del debido proceso previstas en la Ley de Migración 285-04, así como la ausencia de cifras oficiales sobre las deportaciones (Artículo 5 a) y 6).
El Comité recuerda su recomendación previa y su Recomendación General °30 sobre Discriminación contra no ciudadanos (2004) de asegurar que las leyes de deportación no discriminen entre los no ciudadanos por motivos de “raza”, color u origen étnico o nacional, y solicita que los no ciudadanos no estén sujetos a deportaciones masivas y sin las debidas garantías; se de un nuevo impulso a la comisión mixta bilateral entre República Dominicana y Haití; y se recopilen datos oficiales sobre el número de deportados, desagregados por género y origen nacional o étnico (CERD/C/DOM/CO/12, párrafo 13).
Disponible en español/Disponibile in spagnolo: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/co/CERD-C-DOM-CO-13-14_sp.pdf
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KYRGYZSTAN
Situation of stateless persons and asylum seekers
17. The Committee notes the efforts made by the State party to solve the situation of stateless persons in its territory by granting citizenship to stateless persons, in particular those who were in possession of the Soviet Union passports, such as the 2007 Citizenship law, the Presidential Decree no. 437 and the National Action Plan to Prevent and Reduce Statelessness adopted in 2009 and updated in December 2012. However, the Committee remains concerned that a great number of persons (90,000) including stateless persons remain undocumented. The Committee is also concerned at reports that a discriminatory approach is applied regarding registration procedures and recognition of refugee status with respect to foreign Uighurs and Uzbeks, placing them in risk of harassment by the police and refoulement (art. 2, 5).
The Committee recommends that the State party continue its efforts to grant Kyrgyz citizenship to stateless persons including through its National Action Plan to Prevent and Reduce Statelessness updated in December 2012. It also recommends that the State party take appropriate measures to grant access to its registration procedures and consider asylum requests regardless of the origin of applicants. The State party should also provide documents to all asylum seekers and take necessary measures to prevent them from risk of refoulement.
Available in English/Disponibile in inglese: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/co/CERD-C-KGZ-CO-5-7_en.pdf
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MAURITIUS
Migrant workers
22. The Committee remains concerned at reports of poor working and living conditions of migrant workers, despite the measures taken such as the adoption of the Occupational Safety and Health (Employees’ Lodging Accomodation) Regulation in 2011. (arts. 1 and 5)
The Committee calls on the State party to ensure effective investigation, prosecution and sanction of employers responsible for violations of the rights of migrant workersand to make sure that applicable laws enable an adequate protection of migrant workers. The Committee draws the attention of the State party to its general recommendations No. 30 on non-discrimination against non-citizens.
Available in English/Disponibile in inglese: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/co/CERD-C-MUS-CO-15-19_en.pdf
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NEW ZEALAND
Discrimination against migrants
16. The Committee is concerned at reports of persistent discrimination against migrants, particularly of Asian origin, in the labour market, including reports of inadequate recognition of their educational qualifications, which leads to their concentration in lowpaying jobs (arts. 2 and 5).
The Committee recommends that the State party ensure the full and effective enforcement of the measures taken to protect Asian migrants, including targeted measures to strengthen equal access to the labour market in order to alleviate the concentration of qualified individuals in low paying jobs. The Committee further urges the State party to support a system for the objective assessment of their educational qualifications.
Detention of asylum seekers
20. The Committee notes the intention by the State party to table the Immigration Amendment Bill of 2012, which provides for the mandatory detention of asylum seekers and persons falling within the ambit of the statutory definition of a “mass arrival”, namely, those arriving in a group of more than 10. The Committee is concerned that this provision may have the effect of depriving persons who are in need of international protection of their liberty solely based on the manner of their arrival in the State party (arts. 2 and 5).
The Committee recalls its General Recommendation No. 30 (2004) on discrimination against non-citizens and reiterates its position that State parties to the Convention should ensure the security of non-citizens, in particular with regard to arbitrary detention. The Committee urges the State party to ensure that the Immigration Amendment Bill of 2012 accords to international standards in the treatment of persons in need of international protection so that it does not unfairly and arbitrarily discriminate against asylum seekers.
21. The Committee welcomes the State party’s decision to admit 150 asylum seekers from Australian off-shore refugee detention centers located in Papua New Guinea and Nauru. However, the Committee is concerned at reports that the State party is considering sending future asylum seekers to the said facilities, which has been criticized by the UNHCRbecause of the conditions under which asylum seekers are detained and because of other problems (arts. 2 and 5).
The Committee urges the State party to refrain from sending asylum seekers to the Australian off-shore detention facilities until the conditions meet international standards.
Available in English/Disponibile in inglese: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/co/CERD-C-NZL-CO-18-20_en.pdf
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RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Rights of migrant and ethnic minority workers
19. While noting the information provided by the State party that the “Russian legislation contains all necessary provisions prohibiting discrimination at work and allowing for the restoration of violated rights” (CERD/C/RUS/20-22, para.499), the Committee remains concerned by reports that migrants and ethnic minority workers, including women and girls, originating mainly from Central Asia and the Caucasus, continue to be subjected to exploitative work conditions and face discrimination during recruitment. The Committee also notes that legalization of migrants remains difficult due to anti-immigrant sentiments, poor enforcement of existing regulations, a restrictive quota system which limits the number of work permits issued, and the existence of an informal economy that thrives on illegal workers. Moreover, the Committee is concerned that following the 2006 amendments to the Labour Code, persons considering themselves to be discriminated against in the sphere of labour can no longer petition the labour inspectorate (arts.5 and 6).
The Committee recommends the State party to ensure that migrant workers, regardless of their legal status, are effectively protected against exploitative conditions at work and discrimination during recruitment, including by facilitating access to effective remedies. The Committee further recommends that particular measures be taken in this regard to protect women and girl migrants. The Committee also requests the State party to provide information on the number of cases brought before the courts concerning discrimination in employment and the outcome of such cases.
